The Czech Statistical Office collects various characteristics about research and development using direct comprehensive statistical survey (VTR 5-01). This survey has been carried out since 1995 and it is annual. It is included in the Program of statistical surveys that is each year updated according to the law. All legal entities and persons who carry out R&D in the Czech Republic as their primary or secondary activities irrespective to number of employees, sector of performance and economic activity, are covered by the survey. The purpose of the survey is to collect data about labor force in R&D and expenditure on R&D, more specifically about the number of R&D workplaces and workplaces primarily devoted to R&D, the number and structure of R&D personnel, the size and structure of expenditure on R&D, the size of expenditure in specific R&D fields (ICT, biotechnology, nanotechnology and nanomaterials) and the number and structure of R&D workplaces that used their R&D results in commerce. Data collected by this survey are internationally comparable because this survey respects standard described in Frascati manual.